Harvard Professor Joe Nye famously coined the expression "soft power" - the ability of a nation to attract and persuade others through example, as contrasted with compelling through the application of coercive force. Historically, the demonstrated effectiveness of the U.S. ways of governance, the evident strengths of its socio-economic system, and the popularity of its culture have been the key components of America's tremendous global appeal. Overemphasizing the military or security dimension of America's international standing and excessively focusing education on science, technology, engineering and mathematics to the detriment of the arts and humanities risk undermining our nation's traditional source of leadership - soft power. Karl Eikenberry will draw upon his own experiences as a diplomat, soldier and student abroad to discuss why America's global competitiveness can only be maintained and improved by remaining a model worthy of emulation.
America's defense spending accounts for over 40% of the global total. Its armed forces, since the end of conscription 1973, has emerged as the most capable and lethal in world history. Yet many U.S foreign military interventions over the past four decades have produced disappointing results at high costs. The causes can be traced to the erosion of constraints on the government's willingness to send its military into harm's way, an increasing tendency to define every foreign policy challenge as direct security threat, and the failure of political leaders to establish clear objectives for their forces in the field. America's prestige and self-confidence have suffered as a consequence. Karl Eikenberry, whose professional career has spanned both diplomatic and military operational assignments, will discuss why the U.S. armed forces have often not performed as well as expected over the course of long campaigns and how the American people and their government can remedy the situation.
American foreign policy appears to be in disarray as Russia and China aggressively pursue territorial claims, international jihadists are on the offensive in an arc from North Africa to Central Asia, and international norms and institutions weaken. Yet the world is still much less dangerous than during the Cold War and the United States almost certainly more secure. What is changing is that U.S. global dominance, a given since the end of the Second World War, is eroding and other centers of power starting to emerge. Karl Eikenberry will explore the sources of disruption and discontinuity with the past, and describe how an effective American foreign policy must be grounded in the realities of today's world.
China’s rapid rise to power is challenging America's decades long global preeminence and giving rise to fears that, as Beijing’s leaders steadily drive to reclaim the Middle Kingdom’s historical greatness, future Sino-American conflict is inevitable. The gap is closing. Already, China has the world’s second largest gross domestic product and defense budget, and its global trade volume exceeds that of the United States. Yet on closer examination, the two nations are highly interdependent and the PRC itself faces extraordinary constraints as it attempts to reform its political-economic system. Karl Eikenberry, who served in Asian diplomatic and military posts for over three decades, will examine Sino-American competition and explore the opportunities and risks for the U.S.
Former U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Karl Eikenberry will speak on Thursday, March 6, at Duke University about his experiences in Afghanistan and the future of the country following the withdrawal of U.S. troops.
Presidents Barack Obama and Xi Jinping have both recently emphasized military ties as an important component of a new model of relations between the United States and China. However, over the past 25 years, bilateral defense exchanges have suffered frequent reversals and results have been disappointing. Karl Eikenberry, whose career as a diplomat and soldier included many years of service in Asia and China, will identify the constraints inherent in building a sustainable program of Sino-American military contacts and suggest a framework for future defense relations.
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